Ankle and Feet Pain

Sprained ankle is the main reason of ankle instability, while bunion and plantar fasciitis are main sources of chronic pain.

Ankle Region Basic Anatomy

Ankle joint includes three joints, they are Inferior Tibiofibular Joint, Talocrural Joint and Subtalar Joint.

The joint is supported by medial and lateral ligament, and it is least stable in plantarflexion, while comparing with dorsiflexion. The medial or deltoid ligaments are stronger than lateral ligament. As a result, 80% of ligamentous sprains are caused by inversion sprain motion.

 

Ankle Pain Common Causes

Ligamentous sprains account for most of the ankle injury. To check for sprain ankle, practitioners or patients could not miss checking ligament integrities of the following three ligament ATFL, CFL and PTFL. For instance, anterior drawer test has good sensitivity and specificity for ATFL related joint stability. Checking the joint laxity and palpating superior fascicles  of ATFL are generally practiced by physiotherapist to rule out ligament torn and form the prognosis. 
Lesser common reasons could not be missed, including Medial ligament injury, Tibialis Posterior Tendinitis, Peroneal Tendinitis, Osteochondral lesion of the talus.

• Neuroma
• Heel SpursAchilles Tendonitis
• Xanthomas of the Achilles Tendon
• Bunion
• Tibialis Posterior Tendonitis
• Ankle Sprain / Recurrent Sprain / Instability
• Plantar Fasciitis
• Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
  
  

Reference:

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This was a combined study design, incorporating randomized and cohort studies. 14161 patients with chronic neck pain from German multi-medical centres were enrolled. Usual medical treatment was given as a control group while additional acupuncture for 15 sessions was given as an intervention group. Subjects given acupuncture performed significant improvement in Neck Pain and Disability (NPAD Scale by wheeler) outcome measure. It is believed that acupuncture improves pain relief in addition to conventional medical treatment. 
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Commonly seen related pain conditions